Sand Filters

Sand is the oldest and most popular method of filtration. All sand filters share two things in common:

1. When in the filtration mode, water flows from top to bottom
2. They all have some sort of lateral or underdrain with slots to hold back sand while allowing clean, filtered water to pass through.

High-rate sand filters use a special filter sand, normally .45 to .55 mm (also known as pool grade #20 silica sand), because it has sharp edges that separate particles, allowing filtration to take place. They operate on the basis of "depth" filtration where dirt is driven through the sand bed and trapped in the spaces between the sand particles. Initially, a clean sand bed removes larger particles, and then, as the bed starts to load up with debris, the filter removes finer particles. The sand can be cleaned by backwashing which involves reversing water flow through the filter to the "waste" line. Sand Filters trap debris as small as 20 to 40 microns.

How A Sand Filter Works

1. Flange Clamp Design allows 360-degree rotation of valve to simplify plumbing.
2. Integral Top Diffuser ensures even distribution of water over the top of the sand media bed. Full-size internal piping gives a smooth, free-flowing performance.
3. Unitized, Corrosion-Proof Filter Tank molded of tough, durable colorfast reinforced thermoplastic for dependable, all-weather performance with only minimal care.
4. Efficient, Multi-Lateral Underdrain Assembly with precision engineered, self-cleaning 360-degree slotted laterals gives totally balanced flow.
5. Integral Molded Drain Plug for easy draining of tank, without the loss of sand.
6. Totally Corrosion-Proof Base is rugged and attractively styled to provide strong, stable support.

Cartridge Element Filters

Cartridge filtration has been available for a relatively long time, but has only recently begun to enjoy rapid growth and acceptance.

When water passes through a cartridge filter, dirt is screened out at the surface of the cartridge element. When clean, the element will trap larger particles, with finer particles being filtered out as the pores of the element become clogged by the larger debris. The cartridge element can be removed and cleaned by pressure washing inside and out with a garden hose. Cartridge element filters trap debris as small as 10 to 15 microns.

How A Cartridge Filter Works

1. Single Locking Knob securely fastens filter head to filter tank, eliminating clamps or bolts.
2. Filter Head provides easy access to cartridge element. May be rotated to conveniently position pressure gauge and manual air relief valve.
3. Heavy-Duty Filter Tank injection molded of reinforced thermoplastic for dependable, corrosion-free performance.
4. Scavenger Tube Air Relief purges any trapped air during filter operation.
5. Single Element Cartridge is engineered of high-quality reinforced polyester, with gasketed molded end caps, for maximum efficiency, easier cleaning and longer life.
6. Precision-Engineered Extruded Core provides extra strength and superior flow.
7. Elevated Filtered Water Collector and Debris Sump prevents accidental by-pass of heavy debris to pool or spa when cartridge is removed for cleaning.
8. 1.5" or 2" FIP, or 2" SKT Connections for plumbing versatility.
9. .5" FIP Filter Drain for fast draining. Also accepts standard spigot valve.

D.E. Filters

Diatomaceous earth is a porous powder with microscopic openings that when magnified look like tiny sponges. Clear water can pass through these openings, but particles, as small as two to five microns, are trapped during the first pass through the media. D.E. filters have internal elements that become coated with D.E. It is this 'filter cake' that strains dirt, dust and algae from the water.

Similar to sand filters, when D.E. filters become dirty, they are cleaned either by backwashing, or regenerating and draining the clogged D.E. to the 'waste' line. To restore filtration, a fresh 'charge' of D.E. is added to the filter. For sparkling, clean pools; step up to Hayward D.E. filters.

How A Vertical Grid D.E. Filter Works

1. Manual Air Relief purges any trapped air during filter operation. Screenless design eliminates clogging.
2. Uniform Low Profile Tank Base make removal of grid nest fast and simple.
3. High-Strength Filter Tank molded of reinforced thermoplastic provides extra durability for dependable, corrosion-free performance.
4. High Impact Grid Elements designed for up-flow filtration and top-down backwashing for maximum efficiency.
5. Heavy-Duty Tamper-Proof Bolted Center Flange Clamp securely fastens tank top and bottom together. Allows quick access to all internal components without disturbing piping or connections.
6. Union Locknuts make disassemble and reassemble of filter from piping fast and easy.
7. Glass-filled polymer Bulkhead Fittings for extra strength and heat resistance.
8. Inlet- Diffuser Elbow distributes flow of incoming unfiltered water upward and evenly to all filter elements. Parabolic tank design provides for even distribution of D.E. to grids.
9. Full-Size 1.5" Integral Drain provides fast, 100% clean out and easier flushing of tank.
10. Convenient Valve and Plumbing Options allow for customized control. 2" internal piping and plumbing for maximum flow performance.

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Source: www.haywardnet.com